Gentoo update for Chromium, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge

1) Input validation error

EUVDB-ID: #VU85212

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0333

CWE-ID: CWE-20 - Improper input validation

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to improper input validation when processing HTML content in Extensions. Chrome High. A remote attacker can trick the victim to open a specially crafted web page and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

2) Out-of-bounds write

EUVDB-ID: #VU85444

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0517

CWE-ID: CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds write

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error when processing untrusted HTML content in V8. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into opening it, trigger out-of-bounds write and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

3) Type Confusion

EUVDB-ID: #VU85445

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0518

CWE-ID: CWE-843 - Type confusion

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to a type confusion error within the V8 component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger a type confusion error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

4) Buffer overflow

EUVDB-ID: #VU85446

Risk: Critical

CVSSv3.1: 8.4 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0519

CWE-ID: CWE-119 - Memory corruption

Exploit availability: Yes

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise the affected system.

The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error in V8 in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted webpage, trigger a stack-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the system.

Note, the vulnerability is being actively exploited in the wild.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

Yes. This vulnerability is being exploited in the wild.

5) Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

EUVDB-ID: #VU85731

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 4.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0804

CWE-ID: CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass implemented security restrictions.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient policy enforcement in iOS Security UI in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted website, bypass implemented security measures and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

6) Improperly implemented security check for standard

EUVDB-ID: #VU85730

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.1 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0805

CWE-ID: CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Downloads in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

7) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85729

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0806

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within Passwords in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim into visiting a specially crafted web page, trigger a use-after-free error and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

8) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85723

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0807

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the WebAudio component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

9) Integer underflow

EUVDB-ID: #VU85725

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0808

CWE-ID: CWE-191 - Integer underflow

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to integer underflow in WebUI. A remote attacker can trick the victim to open a specially crafted web page, trigger integer underflow and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

10) Improperly implemented security check for standard

EUVDB-ID: #VU85733

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 2.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0809

CWE-ID: CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Autofill in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

11) Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

EUVDB-ID: #VU85726

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 4.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0810

CWE-ID: CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass implemented security restrictions.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim to visit a specially crafted website, bypass implemented security measures and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

12) Improperly implemented security check for standard

EUVDB-ID: #VU85732

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 2.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0811

CWE-ID: CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Extensions API in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

13) Improperly implemented security check for standard

EUVDB-ID: #VU85724

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0812

CWE-ID: CWE-358 - Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise the affected system.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect implementation in Accessibility in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and compromise the system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

14) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85728

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0813

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within Reading Mode in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can trick the victim into visiting a specially crafted web page, trigger a use-after-free error and gain access to sensitive information.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

15) Spoofing attack

EUVDB-ID: #VU85727

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 4.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-0814

CWE-ID: CWE-451 - User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information (Clickjacking, spoofing)

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a spoofing attack.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in Payments in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it and spoof web page content.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

16) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85915

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-1059

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the WebRTC component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

17) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85914

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-1060

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the Canvas component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

18) Use-after-free

EUVDB-ID: #VU85916

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-1077

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error within the Network component in Google Chrome. A remote attacker can create a specially crafted web page, trick the victim into visiting it, trigger use-after-free error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability may allow an attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Update the affected packages.
www-client/chromium to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/google-chrome to version: 121.0.6167.139
www-client/microsoft-edge to version: 121.0.2277.83

Vulnerable software versions

Gentoo Linux: All versions

www-client/microsoft-edge: before 121.0.2277.83

www-client/google-chrome: before 121.0.6167.139

www-client/chromium: before 121.0.6167.139

External links

http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202402-23

Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.