Use-after-free in grub - CVE-2025-61664
Published: November 21, 2025
Vulnerability identifier: #VU118668
CSH Severity: Low
CVSS v4: 5.1 [CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N]
CVE-ID: CVE-2025-61664
CWE-ID: CWE-416
Exploitation vector: Local access
Exploit availability:
No public exploit available
Vulnerability details
The vulnerability allows an attacker to perform a denial of service attack.
The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error when the normal_exit command is invoked after the normal module unload. An attacker with physical access to the system can perform a denial of service attack.
Affected software
grub
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 LTSS Extended
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 12
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro for Rancher
Server Applications Module
Basesystem Module
openSUSE Leap
openEuler
Anolis OS
grub2-snapper-plugin
grub2-systemd-sleep-plugin
grub2-x86_64-xen
grub2-debuginfo
grub2-i386-pc
grub2
grub2-debugsource
grub2-x86_64-efi
grub2-efi-aa64-modules
grub2-pc
grub2-efi-ia32-modules
grub2-efi-x64-modules
grub2-help
grub2-pc-modules
grub2-efi-ia32
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot
grub2-efi-x64
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot
grub2-tools-efi
grub2-common
grub2-tools-minimal
grub2-tools-extra
grub2-tools
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot
grub2-efi-aa64
grub2-branding-upstream
grub2-x86_64-efi-debug
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-debug
grub2-i386-xen
grub2-s390x-emu
grub2-i386-efi-debug
grub2-i386-pc-extras
grub2-i386-efi-extras
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275
grub2-i386-efi
grub2-s390x-emu-debug
grub2-i386-pc-debug
grub2-arm64-efi-extras
grub2-i386-xen-extras
grub2-arm64-efi
grub2-x86_64-efi-extras
grub2-s390x-emu-extras
grub2-x86_64-xen-extras
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-extras
grub2-arm64-efi-debug
grub2-x86_64-xen-debug
grub2-i386-xen-debug
grub2-efi-riscv64-cdboot
grub2-efi-riscv64
grub2-efi-loongarch64-cdboot
grub2-efi-loongarch64
grub2-efi-riscv64-modules
grub2-efi-loongarch64-modules
grub2-doc
grub2-emu-modules
grub2-emu
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 LTSS Extended
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 12
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro for Rancher
Server Applications Module
Basesystem Module
openSUSE Leap
openEuler
Anolis OS
grub2-snapper-plugin
grub2-systemd-sleep-plugin
grub2-x86_64-xen
grub2-debuginfo
grub2-i386-pc
grub2
grub2-debugsource
grub2-x86_64-efi
grub2-efi-aa64-modules
grub2-pc
grub2-efi-ia32-modules
grub2-efi-x64-modules
grub2-help
grub2-pc-modules
grub2-efi-ia32
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot
grub2-efi-x64
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot
grub2-tools-efi
grub2-common
grub2-tools-minimal
grub2-tools-extra
grub2-tools
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot
grub2-efi-aa64
grub2-branding-upstream
grub2-x86_64-efi-debug
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-debug
grub2-i386-xen
grub2-s390x-emu
grub2-i386-efi-debug
grub2-i386-pc-extras
grub2-i386-efi-extras
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275
grub2-i386-efi
grub2-s390x-emu-debug
grub2-i386-pc-debug
grub2-arm64-efi-extras
grub2-i386-xen-extras
grub2-arm64-efi
grub2-x86_64-efi-extras
grub2-s390x-emu-extras
grub2-x86_64-xen-extras
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-extras
grub2-arm64-efi-debug
grub2-x86_64-xen-debug
grub2-i386-xen-debug
grub2-efi-riscv64-cdboot
grub2-efi-riscv64
grub2-efi-loongarch64-cdboot
grub2-efi-loongarch64
grub2-efi-riscv64-modules
grub2-efi-loongarch64-modules
grub2-doc
grub2-emu-modules
grub2-emu
How to mitigate CVE-2025-61664
Cybersecurity Help is currently unaware of any official solution to address this vulnerability.
grub2-snapper-plugin - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-systemd-sleep-plugin - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-xen - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-debuginfo - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-pc - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2 - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-debugsource - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-efi - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-efi-aa64-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-pc - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-help - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-pc-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-common - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-minimal - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-extra - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-aa64 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-debugsource - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-debuginfo - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-branding-upstream - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-pc-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275 - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-pc-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-xen-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-xen-debug - addressed in versions 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen-debug - addressed in versions 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-efi-riscv64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-riscv64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-pc-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-riscv64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-doc - update to 2.12-17
grub2-common - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-minimal - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-extra - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-efi - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools - update to 2.12-17
grub2-pc - update to 2.12-17
grub2-emu-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-emu - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-systemd-sleep-plugin - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-xen - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-debuginfo - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-pc - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2 - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-debugsource - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-efi - addressed in versions 2.02-193.1, 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-efi-aa64-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-pc - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-help - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-pc-modules - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-common - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-minimal - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools-extra - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-tools - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-efi-aa64 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-debugsource - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-debuginfo - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2 - addressed in versions 2.04-43, 2.06-53, 2.12-47
grub2-branding-upstream - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-pc-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275 - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-i386-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-pc-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2, 2.12-150700.19.19.1
grub2-x86_64-efi-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-s390x-emu-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-xen-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-powerpc-ieee1275-extras - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-arm64-efi-debug - addressed in versions 2.04-150300.22.61.1, 2.06-150400.11.66.1, 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-x86_64-xen-debug - addressed in versions 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-i386-xen-debug - addressed in versions 2.06-150500.29.59.1, 2.12-150600.8.44.2
grub2-efi-riscv64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-riscv64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-pc-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-riscv64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-loongarch64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-doc - update to 2.12-17
grub2-common - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-aa64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-minimal - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-extra - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools-efi - update to 2.12-17
grub2-tools - update to 2.12-17
grub2-pc - update to 2.12-17
grub2-emu-modules - update to 2.12-17
grub2-emu - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-x64 - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot - update to 2.12-17
grub2-efi-ia32 - update to 2.12-17
External References
Related Security Bulletins
- Multiple vulnerabilities in GNU GRUB
- SUSE update for grub2
- SUSE update for grub2
- SUSE update for grub2
- SUSE update for grub2
- SUSE update for grub2
- openEuler 22.03 LTS SP4 update for grub2
- openEuler 22.03 LTS SP3 update for grub2
- openEuler 24.03 LTS SP2 update for grub2
- openEuler 24.03 LTS SP1 update for grub2
- openEuler 24.03 LTS update for grub2
- SUSE update for grub2
- openEuler 20.03 LTS SP4 update for grub2
- Anolis OS update for grub2