Multiple vulnerabilities in IBM QRadar Suite Software



Published: 2024-03-04 | Updated: 2024-04-05
Risk High
Patch available YES
Number of vulnerabilities 20
CVE-ID CVE-2021-41103
CVE-2023-39325
CVE-2022-25883
CVE-2018-16886
CVE-2020-15106
CVE-2018-1099
CVE-2017-16137
CVE-2023-42282
CVE-2024-23334
CVE-2024-23829
CVE-2023-25173
CVE-2022-31030
CVE-2022-23471
CVE-2023-25153
CVE-2021-21334
CVE-2022-23648
CVE-2021-43816
CVE-2021-32760
CVE-2023-47248
CVE-2024-24762
CWE-ID CWE-276
CWE-400
CWE-185
CWE-287
CWE-399
CWE-20
CWE-918
CWE-22
CWE-444
CWE-269
CWE-264
CWE-502
CWE-1333
Exploitation vector Network
Public exploit Vulnerability #9 is being exploited in the wild.
Public exploit code for vulnerability #10 is available.
Public exploit code for vulnerability #16 is available.
Vulnerable software
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IBM Cloud Pak for Security
Server applications / Other server solutions

QRadar Suite
Server applications / IDS/IPS systems, Firewalls and proxy servers

Vendor IBM Corporation

Security Bulletin

This security bulletin contains information about 20 vulnerabilities.

1) Incorrect default permissions

EUVDB-ID: #VU57038

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 6.8 [CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2021-41103

CWE-ID: CWE-276 - Incorrect Default Permissions

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a local user to escalate privileges on the system.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect default permissions for container root directories and some plugins. When the UID of an unprivileged Linux user on the host collided with the file owner or group inside a container, the unprivileged Linux user on the host can discover, read, and modify those files.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

No. This vulnerability can be exploited locally. The attacker should have authentication credentials and successfully authenticate on the system.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

2) Resource exhaustion

EUVDB-ID: #VU82064

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2023-39325

CWE-ID: CWE-400 - Resource exhaustion

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to excessive consumption of internal resources when handling HTTP/2 requests. A remote attacker can bypass the http2.Server.MaxConcurrentStreams setting by creating new connections while the current connections are still being processed, trigger resource exhaustion and perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

3) Incorrect Regular Expression

EUVDB-ID: #VU78932

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2022-25883

CWE-ID: CWE-185 - Incorrect Regular Expression

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient input validation when processing regular expressions. A remote attacker can pass specially crafted data to the application via the new Range function and perform regular expression denial of service (ReDos) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

4) Improper Authentication

EUVDB-ID: #VU64828

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 5.9 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2018-16886

CWE-ID: CWE-287 - Improper Authentication

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote user to bypass authentication process.

The vulnerability exists due to an improper authentication issue when role-based access control (RBAC) is used and client-cert-auth is enabled. A remote user can authenticate as user with any valid (trusted) client certificate in a REST API request to the gRPC-gateway.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote authenticated user via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

5) Resource management error

EUVDB-ID: #VU41650

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2020-15106

CWE-ID: CWE-399 - Resource Management Errors

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to improper management of internal resources with the application, as a large slice causes panic in decodeRecord method. A remote attacker can  forge an extremely large frame size that can unintentionally panic at the expense of any RAFT participant trying to decode the WAL.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

6) Improper input validation

EUVDB-ID: #VU11633

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 6.4 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2018-1099

CWE-ID: CWE-20 - Improper input validation

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions on the target system.

The weakness exists due to improper validation of DNS hostnames. A remote attacker can send specially crafted requests, bypass security restrictions and gain network access to internal systems.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

7) Incorrect Regular Expression

EUVDB-ID: #VU87001

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 4.6 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2017-16137

CWE-ID: CWE-185 - Incorrect Regular Expression

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient input validation when processing regular expressions. A remote attacker can pass specially crafted data to the application and perform regular expression denial of service (ReDos) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

8) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

EUVDB-ID: #VU86944

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.3 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2023-42282

CWE-ID: CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Exploit availability: No

Description

The disclosed vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform SSRF attacks.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input within the isPublic() function. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP request and trick the application to initiate requests to arbitrary systems.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker gain access to sensitive data, located in the local network or send malicious requests to other servers from the vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

9) Path traversal

EUVDB-ID: #VU85886

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 7.2 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:H/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-23334

CWE-ID: CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Exploit availability: Yes

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform directory traversal attacks.

The vulnerability exists due to input validation error when processing directory traversal sequences in aiohttp.web.static(follow_symlinks=True). A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP request and read arbitrary files on the system.

Request examples:

For windows: /static/../D:\flag.txt Poc

For Linux: /static/../../../../etc/passwd


Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

Yes. This vulnerability is being exploited in the wild.

10) Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests

EUVDB-ID: #VU85884

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.9 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-23829

CWE-ID: CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform HTTP request smuggling attacks.

The vulnerability exists due to improper validation of HTTP requests. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP request to the server and smuggle arbitrary HTTP headers.

Successful exploitation of vulnerability may allow an attacker to poison HTTP cache and perform phishing attacks.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability. However, proof of concept for this vulnerability is available.

11) Improper Privilege Management

EUVDB-ID: #VU72320

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 6.8 [CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2023-25173

CWE-ID: CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a local user to escalate privileges.

The vulnerability exists due to improper privilege management where supplementary groups are not set up properly inside a container. A local user can use supplementary group access to bypass primary group restrictions and compromise the container.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

No. This vulnerability can be exploited locally. The attacker should have authentication credentials and successfully authenticate on the system.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

12) Resource exhaustion

EUVDB-ID: #VU64007

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2022-31030

CWE-ID: CWE-400 - Resource exhaustion

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to application does not properly control consumption of internal resources within the ExecSync API. A remote attacker can trigger resource exhaustion and perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

13) Resource exhaustion

EUVDB-ID: #VU70039

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2022-23471

CWE-ID: CWE-400 - Resource exhaustion

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote user to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to an error in containerd CRI stream server when handling terminal resize events. A remote user can request a TTY and force it to fail by sending a faulty command and exhaust memory on the host.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote authenticated user via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

14) Resource exhaustion

EUVDB-ID: #VU72319

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2023-25153

CWE-ID: CWE-400 - Resource exhaustion

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to application does not properly control consumption of internal resources when importing an OCI image. A remote attacker can trigger resource exhaustion and perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote authenticated user via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

15) Resource management error

EUVDB-ID: #VU51242

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.7 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2021-21334

CWE-ID: CWE-399 - Resource Management Errors

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows an attacker to gain access to potentially sensitive information.

The vulnerability exists due to incorrect management of internal resources. Containers launched through containerd's CRI implementation (through Kubernetes, crictl, or any other pod/container client that uses the containerd CRI service) that share the same image may receive incorrect environment variables, including values that are defined for other containers. If the affected containers have different security contexts, this may allow sensitive information to be unintentionally shared.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote authenticated user via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

16) Security restrictions bypass

EUVDB-ID: #VU60972

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 5.9 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2022-23648

CWE-ID: CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

Exploit availability: Yes

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to gain access to sensitive information.

The vulnerability exists due to an error when handling specially crafted image configuration in containerd where containers launched through containerd’s CRI implementation. A remote attacker can bypass any policy-based enforcement on container setup and access the read-only copies of arbitrary files and directories on the host.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability. However, proof of concept for this vulnerability is available.

17) Security restrictions bypass

EUVDB-ID: #VU59237

Risk: Low

CVSSv3.1: 7.3 [CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2021-43816

CWE-ID: CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a local user to escalate privileges on the system.

The vulnerability exists due to a logic issue, which causes arbitrary files and directories on the host to be relabeled to match the container process label through the use of specially-configured bind mounts in a hostPath volume. A local user can place the in-container location of the hostPath volume mount at either `/etc/hosts`, `/etc/hostname`, or `/etc/resolv.conf` and gain read/write access to arbitrary file on the system.

The vulnerability affects containerd installations using SELinux, such as EL8 (CentOS, RHEL), Fedora, or SUSE MicroOS.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

No. This vulnerability can be exploited locally. The attacker should have authentication credentials and successfully authenticate on the system.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

18) Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

EUVDB-ID: #VU54999

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.4 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2021-32760

CWE-ID: CWE-264 - Permissions, Privileges, and Access Controls

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to archive package allows chmod of file outside of unpack target directory. A remote attacker can deny access to the expected owner of the file, widen access to others, or set extended bits like setuid, setgid, and sticky.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

19) Deserialization of Untrusted Data

EUVDB-ID: #VU85564

Risk: High

CVSSv3.1: 8.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2023-47248

CWE-ID: CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to insecure input validation when processing serialized  Arrow IPC, Feather or Parquet data. A remote attacker can pass specially crafted data to the application and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.

20) Inefficient regular expression complexity

EUVDB-ID: #VU86533

Risk: Medium

CVSSv3.1: 6.5 [CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C]

CVE-ID: CVE-2024-24762

CWE-ID: CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Exploit availability: No

Description

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack.

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient input validation when processing value of the "Content-Type" HTTP header with a regular expressions. A remote attacker can pass specially crafted data to the application and perform regular expression denial of service (ReDos) attack.

Mitigation

Install update from vendor's website.

Vulnerable software versions

IBM Cloud Pak for Security: All versions

QRadar Suite: 1.10.12.0 - 1.10.18.0

External links

http://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7129327


Q & A

Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely?

Yes. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote non-authenticated attacker via the Internet.

Is there known malware, which exploits this vulnerability?

No. We are not aware of malware exploiting this vulnerability.



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