SB2025081399 - Multiple vulnerabilities in Microsoft Excel

Description

This security bulletin contains information about 4 vulnerabilities.

1) Type Confusion (CVE-ID: CVE-2025-53739)

CWE-ID: CWE-843 - Type confusion

CVSSv4: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/U:Amber

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to a type confusion error in Microsoft Excel. A remote attacker can trick a victim to open a specially crafted file, trigger a type confusion error and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

2) Heap-based buffer overflow (CVE-ID: CVE-2025-53737)

CWE-ID: CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow

CVSSv4: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/U:Amber

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.

The vulnerability exists due to a boundary error in Microsoft Excel. A remote attacker can trick a victim to open a specially crafted file, trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may result in complete compromise of vulnerable system.

3) Use-after-free (CVE-ID: CVE-2025-53735)

CWE-ID: CWE-416 - Use After Free

CVSSv4: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/U:Amber

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to compromise vulnerable system.

The vulnerability exists due to a use-after-free error in Microsoft Excel. A remote attacker can trick a victim to open a specially crafted file and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

4) Use of uninitialized resource (CVE-ID: CVE-2025-53759)

CWE-ID: CWE-908 - Use of Uninitialized Resource

CVSSv4: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/U:Amber

The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to bypass certain security restrictions.

The vulnerability exists due to usage of uninitialized resources in Microsoft Excel. A remote attacker can trick a victim to open a specially crafted file, trigger uninitialized usage of resources and execute arbitrary code on the target system.

Remediation

Install update from vendor's website.

References

• https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53739
• https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53737
• https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53735
• https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53759